The KJV Audio Bible

Exodus 20

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God spoke directly to the Israelites, reminding them that He was the LORD their God who had brought them out of Egypt and out of slavery. He then articulated the ten commandments.
The first four commandments concern people's relationship with God Himself. We are to have no other gods before Him, and we are forbidden from making or worshiping idols of any kind — whether they be the likeness of anything in the heavens, on the earth, or in the waters. The LORD declared Himself a jealous God, warning that the consequences of unfaithfulness would extend to future generations but that His love would be shown to those who love and obey Him. He also commanded that His name not be taken in vain, warning that He would not hold guiltless anyone who misused it.
The LORD then commanded the people to remember the Sabbath day and keep it holy. We are to work six days but rest on the seventh, as God Himself had done after creating the heavens, the earth, and the sea in six days. This rest extends to all members of the household, including servants and animals.
The remaining six commandments address how people are to treat one another. We are to honor our father and mother, a commandment that carries with it the promise of long life in the land God promises. We are commanded not to murder, not to commit adultery, not to steal, and not to give false testimony against our neighbors. Finally, we are forbidden from coveting anything that belongs to our neighbors — their houses, spouses, servants, animals, or any possessions.
When the people witnessed the thunder, lightning, the sound of the trumpet, and the smoking mountain that accompanied God's presence, they were afraid and stood at a distance. They pleaded with Moses to be the one to speak to them rather than having God speak to them directly, fearing they would die if He did. Moses reassured them that God had come not to destroy them but to test them, so that the fear of God would remain with them and keep them from sinning.
Moses then got closer to the thick darkness where God was, and the LORD gave him instructions. He told Moses to remind the people that they had seen firsthand that God had spoken to them from heaven, and they were not to make gods of silver or gold to stand alongside Him. He instructed them on how to build an altar — made simply of earth or of uncut stones, since using tools on the stones would defile them — and promised to come and bless them wherever they offered their sacrifices and worshiped His name.

Exodus 21

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Exodus 21 continues the body of laws God gave to Moses, focusing primarily on regulations governing human relationships, personal rights, and accountability.
The chapter opens with laws concerning Hebrew servants, establishing that a Hebrew man sold into servitude was to serve for six years and go free in the seventh, without any payment required. If he came into service alone, he left alone; if he came with a wife, she left with him. However, if his master gave him a wife and she bore him children, the wife and children remained the master's when the man went free. If the servant declared his love for his master and his family and chose not to go free, his master was to bring him before the judges and pierce his ear with an awl at the doorpost, binding him to service permanently.
Exodus 21 also addresses female servants, noting that they did not go free after six years in the same way men did, though protections were established for them: If she displeased her master who had designated her for himself, he was required to let her be redeemed, and he was not permitted to sell her to foreigners. If his son took her, she was to be treated as a daughter. If the master took another wife, he could not diminish the first woman's food, clothing, or marital rights. If he failed in these obligations, she was to go free without payment.
The chapter then turns to matters of life and death, establishing serious consequences for violent acts. Anyone who struck another person and caused their death was to be put to death, though God made provision for unintentional killing by designating places of refuge. Deliberate, premeditated murder, however, carried no such exception — even a killer who fled to the altar was to be taken away and executed. Striking or cursing one's father or mother was likewise punishable by death, as was kidnapping a person and selling them or keeping them.
Laws about personal injury occupies a significant portion of Exodus 21. When two men quarreled and one struck the other, causing injury but not death, and the injured man recovered enough to walk around, the one who struck him was required to compensate the injured party for lost time and ensure his full recovery.
The chapter then addresses the treatment of servants. If a master struck a servant with a rod and the servant died from the beating, the master was to be punished. But, if the servant survived for a day or two, the master faced no punishment, as the servant was his property.
These laws also established the foundational principle of proportional justice: a life for a life, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, and so on. However, if a master knocked out the tooth or destroyed the eye of a servant, the servant was to go free as compensation for that injury.
The final section of Exodus 21 deals with the liability of owners of dangerous animals. If an ox gored a person to death, the ox was to be stoned, but the owner bore no guilt if the animal had no history of aggression. But, if the ox had been known to gore and the owner took no precautions, both the ox and the owner were subject to death, though the owner could pay a ransom for his life if the victim's family agreed. Similar accountability applied if the ox gored a servant: The owner was to pay thirty shekels of silver to the servant's master.
The chapter closes with regulations about open pits. If someone dug or uncovered a pit and an animal fell into it and died, the one responsible for the pit was required to pay the animal's owner, while the dead animal became his own.

Exodus 22

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Exodus 22 continues the legal code God gave to Moses, opening with laws concerning theft and property damage. If a man stole an ox or sheep and slaughtered or sold it, he was required to pay back multiple animals in restitution. A thief caught in the act at night could be struck down without guilt, but killing a thief in daylight carried the penalty of blood guilt. If a thief had nothing to repay, he was to be sold into servitude. If the stolen animal was found alive in his possession, he repaid double.
The law then addressed damages caused by grazing animals and fire. If a man let his livestock graze in another's field or vineyard, he was to make restitution from the best of his own produce. If a fire spread and destroyed another's grain or field, whoever started the fire was required to make full restitution.
God then gave laws governing disputes over property held in trust. If a man entrusted money or goods to a neighbor for safekeeping, and those items were stolen, the thief — if found — paid double. If the thief was not found, the matter was brought before the judges to determine whether the keeper had taken the goods himself. Similarly, disputes over borrowed or hired animals were to be settled before the judges, and the outcome depended on whether negligence or unavoidable misfortune was to blame.
Exodus 22 then turns to social and moral laws. If a man seduced an unbetrothed virgin, he was required to pay the dowry and marry her. If her father refused to give her to him, the man still had to pay the dowry. Witches were not to be permitted to live, and anyone who lay with an animal was to be put to death. Those who sacrificed to any god other than the LORD alone were to be destroyed.
God then commanded Israel to show compassion to the vulnerable. Foreigners were not to be mistreated or oppressed, since Israel itself had been foreigners in Egypt. Widows and orphans were not to be exploited; if they cried out to God, He warned that His anger would burn and He would strike down the oppressors, leaving their own wives as widows and children as orphans. The poor were to be treated with fairness; if a man lent money to the poor, he was not to charge excessive interest. If a neighbor's cloak was taken as a pledge, it had to be returned before sunset, since it was his only covering for the night.
Exodus 22 closes with several brief but weighty commands. "The gods" (possibly the judges) were not to be scorned, and the rulers of the people were not to be cursed. The firstfruits of harvests and the firstborn of sons and livestock were to be given to God. Finally, Israel was called to be a holy people, which in this context meant they were not to eat meat torn by wild animals in the field — such meat was to be thrown to the dogs.

Exodus 23

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Exodus 23 continues the LORD God's instructions to Moses and the children of Israel by outlining a series of laws governing justice, honesty, and fair treatment among the Israelites. The LORD commanded that no one spread false reports or join with the wicked to act as a malicious witness. The people were told not to follow a crowd in doing wrong, nor to pervert justice simply by siding with the majority. Even showing partiality to the poor in a lawsuit was forbidden.
The LORD also instructed the Israelites on how to treat their enemies fairly. Even if a person disliked his neighbor, he was still required to return a stray ox or donkey and to help an overburdened animal, regardless of whether the owner was a friend or foe. In the courts, the people were not to deny justice to the poor, they were to avoid false charges, and they were to not accept bribes, since bribes blind the wise and twist the words of the innocent.
Exodus 23 then turns to the sabbatical laws governing agricultural life. The Israelites were commanded to sow and harvest their fields for six years, but in the seventh year they were to let the land rest and lie fallow, allowing poor people and wild animals to eat whatever grew on its own. Similarly, they were to work for six days each week but rest on the seventh, so that their servants, animals, and foreigners among them could also be refreshed.
The LORD then gave three specific commands related to religious integrity. The people were told not to invoke the names of other gods or even let those names be heard on their lips. They were required to observe three annual feasts: the feast of unleavened bread, the feast of harvest, and the feast of ingathering. All men were to appear before the LORD God three times a year in connection with these celebrations. Additional instructions accompanied these feasts — no one was to offer the blood of a sacrifice along with leavened bread, the fat of a festival offering was not to remain until morning, and the best of the firstfruits of the land were to be brought to the house of the LORD. The well-known prohibition against boiling a young goat in its mother's milk was also given here.
Exodus 23 closes with the LORD's promise to send an Angel before the Israelites to guard them on the way and bring them to the land prepared for them. He warned the people to pay attention to this Angel and obey him, for the LORD's name was in him and he would not pardon sin. If the Israelites obeyed and did not worship the gods of the Canaanite peoples, the LORD promised to be an enemy to their enemies and to oppose those who opposed them. The Angel would go before them and drive out the various peoples of Canaan little by little, so that the land would not become desolate and overrun by wild animals before Israel could fill it.
Finally, the LORD defined the boundaries of the land Israel would inhabit — from the Red sea to the sea of the Philistines, and "from the desert unto the river." He charged the people not to make any covenants with the inhabitants of Canaan or with their gods, and not to allow those peoples to live in the land with them; if the Israelites let them to stay, they would become a snare, drawing Israel into sin and unfaithfulness to the LORD God.